The authors highlight the need to empirically examine middle management work in the context of the complexity of changes affecting the job of middle managers and the complexity of reactions to these changes, if further assertions about the future of middle. Middle manager is a semiexecutive position line managers are promoted to become middle managers. We build on theories of institutional work and on sensemaking sensegiving to describe the middle manager s process of meeting competing demands of the initiative. Due to involvement into daytoday running of a business, middle managers have the opportunity to report valuable information and suggestions from the inside of an organization. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the sensemaking and sensegiving process during organizational change, with focus on middle managers. In addition, when people finish our programsand even five years laterthey report that sensemaking was one of the most valuable concepts and skills they have learned. Sep 14, 2016 leader sensegivingthe attempt to affect employees sensemakingis a crucial leadership activity during organizational change.
As change becomes a constant in organizational life, middle managers charged with interpreting, communicating, and implementing change often struggle for meaning. As weick 1995 explained, sensemaking is an effort to create. The role of outside consultants in shaping hospital. It was the seminal work of floyd and wooldridge 1994. Nov 16, 2015 the authors consider the role of sensemaking in resolving role ambiguity of middle manager change agents and the consequences of this for organisational restructuring. Role in an organization functions of a middle manager. Role of middle managers in organisational change semantic. Sensemaking and sensegiving in strategic change initiation. Balogun also argued that interpretation that occurs as part of undertaking personal change is, in fact, the key task for middle managers, since it informs all the other roles ditto.
Additionally, i found that middle managers sensemaking occurred in two stages anticipatory and confirmatory, and that the managers depended on change readiness schemas based on both tacit and explicit cues. Making sense of sensemaking in organization studies. The importance of the strategic role played by middle managers in formulation and implementation of organisational change has been acknowledged by many academics and evidenced by the findings of numerous studies undertaken over the last 40 years see, for example, bower, 1972. This article examines the impact of information technology as one of the factors affecting the numbers and roles of middle managers. The impact of organisational restructuring on employee. The importance of role sending in the sensemaking of change. Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking academy of management journal, vol. Making sense of sensemaking in organization studies andrew. Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking julia balogun city university gerry johnson university of strathclyde and u. Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking article in the academy of management journal 474. Middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive competence middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive competence rouleau, linda.
Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking. The application of organizational restructuring in enterprise. International journal of human resource management, 208, 17371752. Managing sensemaking an inquiry into how organizational members break, demand, make and give sense to cope with change business administration student. A ceo will close departments, drop product lines, lay off managers and sell facilities to keep a company afloat. Advanced institute of management research this longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an imposed shift. Organisational restructuring the case of the learning organisation. T1 organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking. Apr 01, 2008 organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking. Changing interpretive schemes and organizational restructuring. These changes altered the very nature of middle management at lego. A middle management position is often mistakenly described as a similar to the line management one. Some basic principles and strategies you must keep in mind before you plan on restructuring the organizational structure and design. This hindsight can prove to be an expensive mistake if the organization succeeds or grows.
Issn 00014273 full text not available from this repository. She argues that whilst we know something about middle manager role content, and something about how middle managers fulfill their different strategic sensemaking roles, we do not know enough about how middle managers draw on their practical knowledge to inform their practice. Contradiction or necessity 1 introduction downsizing is a way of life in organisations today. Change is difficult and can leave the organization uneasy. Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking article in the academy of management journal 474 august 2004 with 612 reads how we measure reads. Information technology, organizational restructuring and. Central to the sensemaking perspective is the notion that explanations of organizational. Foster university of alberta this research commentary introduces historical consciousness to studying organizational change. Journal of organizational change management, 226, 635649.
And yet our 360degree survey data reveal that sensemaking is highly correlated with leadership effectivenesseven more than vision ing. By identifying middle managers as strategists, the strategy research agenda expands beyond top managers rouleau, 2005. Organizational sensemaking is not an established body of knowledge. This longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an imposed shift from hierarchical to decentralized organization.
Although the majority of literature about the impact of change and downsizing on surviving middle managers paints a pessimistic picture, some researchers found that many surviving middle managers acquired a greater strategic role as the result of change. Central to the sensemaking perspective is the notion that explanations of organizational issues cannot be. Thus, the role of middle managers as an interface between employees and top management balogun, 2007 should be included in this context. While delayering results in having to pick up extra workload from immediately above and below, it also can enable middle managers to have.
Companies commonly downsize to remain functional during a loss of revenue. Balogun, j and johnson, g 2004 organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking. Although addressing employee needs is key for successful sensegiving, current literature remains vague about how leaders account for different employee needs. Middle manager sensemaking has a significant impact on the way imposed structural blueprints work in practice. A middle manager is an employee who reports to executive leaders who make the strategic decisions which shape the organization. However, it is also a paper about middle managers and strategic change and is therefore also cited by the growing body of work which explores the strategic role of middle managers. Request pdf on aug 1, 2004, julia balogun and others published organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking find. Management control, social identity, and identification in a knowledgeintensive firm. Why middle managers, rather than senior leaders, should. Last, it derives a repertoire of activities from which four propositions are inferred regarding the nature of middle manager situated sensemaking during their accomplish. To answer to the purpose, a theoretical model combining balogun and johnsons 2005, nonaka and takeuchis 1995 models and theories of middle management is developed.
Advanced institute of management research this longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an imposed shift from hierarchical to decentralized organization. Investigating the role of middle managers in strategymaking process. Request pdf organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking this longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an imposed shift from hierarchical to decentralized. However, the middle manager is also directly in charge of the frontline staff who do the work. In addition, it is relevant to research in the recent field of strategy as practice. Keywords middle management, strategy formation process.
Request pdf organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking this longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an. Westley, 1990, floyd and wooldridge, 1992, 1994 and 1997. We build on theories of institutional work and on sensemakingsensegiving to describe the middle managers process of meeting competing demands of the initiative. We identified a replacement pattern of schema development in which middle managers moved from shared through clustered sensemaking, to shared but differentiated sensemaking. Communication is easily the most important piece of restructuring and organizational change. As any significant change in organisational structure also affects the employees psychological contract i. Thus, middle managers enjoy greater salary, benefits and a closer position. When a new organization is founded, focus on the culture is the last thing on the founders priorities, their main challenge is business success of the venture. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account.
Mary was promoted as part of the organizational restructuring to the role of technical production manager, general tv sector, which comprises over 500. The application of organizational restructuring in. All organization restructure have to be aligned to strategy. Organizational capacity for change and environmental performance. Innovation and entrepreneurship in the american corporation. Find out more about lancaster universitys research activities, view details of publications, outputs and awards and make contact with our researchers. Results transform paradox from a label to a lens, contributing a process for working through paradox and explicating. Middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive competence. The culture evolves naturally, devoid of any conscious effort and can be linked to the founders leadership. Through collaborative intervention and reflection, we sought to help managers make sense of issues surfaced by a major restructuring. The impact of an organisational restructuring exercise on the wellness of middle managers in a mining company is my own unaided work both in content and execution. Nov 30, 2017 this longitudinal, qualitative study examined sensemaking during an imposed shift from hierarchical to decentralized organization. How middle managers contribute to strategy formation. History and organizational change roy suddaby university of victoria newcastle university william m.
Middle manager involvement in strategy development in notfor profit organizations. The role of middle managers in the implementation of a. Strategizing as lived experience and strategists everyday efforts to shape strategic direction. Most companies draft a skeleton model of essential personnel, materials and facilities to remain in business. The practice of organizational restructuring from design to.
Middle managers sensemaking and sensegiving, knowledge creation, change, communication abstract as a result of organizational restructuring, the role of the middle managers has changed over time. Research on middle management highlights two major streams. Yet studies have shown that these initiatives, although intended to produce positive results, do more harm than good to the organisation and its workforce cascio, 1993. Micropractices of strategic sensemaking and sensegiving. Their combined citations are counted only for the first article. In literature many researchers describe solely one type of restructuring, but often, in practice there are at least two types of restructuring, which are being implemented simultaneously by an organisation. Most theories of organizational change contain within them implicit assumptions about history. In this article, we posit that middle managers are crucial actors in performing this work and maintaining the hybridity of logics. The impact of change recipient sensemaking julia balogun and gerry johnson abstract the tendency for intended strategies to lead to unintended consequences is well documented. Lewis university of cincinnati as change becomes a constant in organizational life, middle managers charged with interpreting, communicating, and implementing change often struggle for meaning. Senior managers need to recognize the significant role of middle managers during restructuring, and the corresponding significance of lateral inter middle manager processes of negotiation. All the resources i used in this study are cited and referred to in the reference list by means of a comprehensive referencing system.
Since the goal is to create an understanding of the case organization, the scientific paradigm of the thesis is social constructivism, which favours qualitative methods. Organizational capacity for change and firm performance in russia. Middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive. A middle manager is a link between the senior management and the lower junior levels of the organization. An australian mixed method study volume 20 issue 2 tim oshannassy. This longitudinal, realtime analysis of planned change implementation provides an explanation for this phenomenon. If you are planning to restructure your company or make organizational changes in the near future, here are five things to consider before you begin. Yet, it is unclear how employee sensemaking and leader sensegiving vary across different change phases. Finally, a temporal model of the change readiness sensemaking process is developed based upon the data. In the first paper, a qualitative examination of the initial thoughts and concerns of the middle managers about recently announced organizational changes was conducted. The director of nursing perspective how organizational structure impacts on the role. The role of the middle manager volume 20 issue 2 mari jansen van rensburg, annemarie davis, peet venter. Our findings provide evidence that different change processes lead to different.
Organizational restructuring and middle manager sensemaking created date. Lancaster university abstract this paper seeks to better understand the way middle managers contribute strategically to the development of an organization by examining how they enact the strategic. Jul 01, 2011 middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive competence middle managers, strategic sensemaking, and discursive competence rouleau, linda. One project focuses on the transformation of middle managers identity in organizational restructuring see rouleau, 2010. Studies of change processes have increasingly placed focus on middle managers. We identified a replacement pattern of schema development in which middle managers moved from shared through clustered sensemaking, to shared but.
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